@article {223,
	title = {Variations in macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene are not associated with visceral leishmaniasis in India},
	journal = {Journal of Infection and Public Health},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {


Background
The host\&nbsp;genetic factors\&nbsp;play important role in determining the outcome of visceral\&nbsp;leishmaniasis\&nbsp;(VL).\&nbsp;Macrophage migration inhibitory factor\&nbsp;(MIF) is an important host cytokine, which is a key regulator of\&nbsp;innate immune system.\&nbsp;Genetic variants\&nbsp;in\&nbsp;MIF\&nbsp;gene have been found to be associated with several\&nbsp;inflammatory and infectious diseases. Role of MIF is well documented in leishmaniasis diseases, including Indian\&nbsp;visceral leishmaniasis, where elevated level of serum MIF has been associated with VL phenotypes. However, there was no genetic study to correlate\&nbsp;MIF\&nbsp;variants in VL, therefore, we aimed to study the possible association of three reported\&nbsp;MIF\&nbsp;gene variants -794 CATT, -173G \&gt; C and non-coding\&nbsp;RNA gene\&nbsp;LOC284889\&nbsp;in Indian VL phenotype.


Methods
Study subjects comprised of 214 VL patients along with ethnically and demographically matched 220 controls from VL endemic regions of Bihar state in India.


Results
We found no significant difference between cases and controls in allelic, genotypic and\&nbsp;haplotype\&nbsp;frequency of the markers analysed [-794 CATT repeats (χ2\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.86; p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.35; OR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.85; 95\% CI\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.61{\textendash}1.19); -173 G\&nbsp;\&gt;\&nbsp;C polymorphism (χ2\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1.11; p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.29; OR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.83; 95\% CI\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.59{\textendash}1.16); and\&nbsp;LOC284889\&nbsp;(χ2\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.78; p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.37; OR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.86; 95\% CI\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.61{\textendash}1.20)].


Conclusion
Since we did not find any significant differences between case and control groups, we conclude that sequencing of complete\&nbsp;MIF\&nbsp;gene and extensive study on innate and adaptive immunity genes may help in identifying\&nbsp;genetic variations\&nbsp;that are associated with VL susceptibility/resistance among Indians.





Keywords
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL),\&nbsp;Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF),\&nbsp;Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani,\&nbsp;Genetic polymorphism,\&nbsp;Indian population.

},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034118303435?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {A. Mishra and P. Sundaravadivel and R. K. Jha and J. Badrukhiya and N. BasaK and I. Anerao and A. Sharma and S. K. Tripathi and E. I. Ajayi and S. Singh and S. Nizamuddin and N. C. Tupperwar and A. N. Jha and K. Thangaraj}
}
