<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Mishra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Sundaravadivel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R. K. Jha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Badrukhiya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N. BasaK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I. Anerao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. K. Tripathi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E. I. Ajayi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Nizamuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N. C. Tupperwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. N. Jha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K. Thangaraj</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variations in macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene are not associated with visceral leishmaniasis in India</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Infection and Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034118303435?via%3Dihub</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div id=&quot;abstracts&quot; class=&quot;Abstracts&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;abs0005&quot; class=&quot;abstract author&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;abst0005&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;sect0010&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;spar0065&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;The host&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/heredity&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Heredity&quot;&gt;genetic factors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;play important role in determining the outcome of visceral&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/leishmaniasis&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Leishmaniasis&quot;&gt;leishmaniasis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(VL).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/macrophage-migration-inhibition-factor&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Macrophage Migration Inhibition Factor&quot;&gt;Macrophage migration inhibitory factor&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(MIF) is an important host cytokine, which is a key regulator of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/innate-immunity&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Innate Immunity&quot;&gt;innate immune system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/genetic-variability&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Genetic Variability&quot;&gt;Genetic variants&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;MIF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;gene have been found to be associated with several&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/inflammatory-disease&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Inflammatory Disease&quot;&gt;inflammatory and infectious diseases&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;. Role of MIF is well documented in leishmaniasis diseases, including Indian&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/visceral-leishmaniasis&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Visceral Leishmaniasis&quot;&gt;visceral leishmaniasis&lt;/a&gt;, where elevated level of serum MIF has been associated with VL phenotypes. However, there was no genetic study to correlate&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;MIF&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;variants in VL, therefore, we aimed to study the possible association of three reported&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;MIF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;gene variants −794 CATT, −173G &amp;gt; C and non-coding&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/rna-gene&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about RNA Gene&quot;&gt;RNA gene&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;LOC284889&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;in Indian VL phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;abst0010&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;sect0015&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;spar0070&quot;&gt;Study subjects comprised of 214 VL patients along with ethnically and demographically matched 220 controls from VL endemic regions of Bihar state in India.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;abst0015&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;sect0020&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;spar0075&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;We found no significant difference between cases and controls in allelic, genotypic and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/haplotype&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Haplotype&quot;&gt;haplotype&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;frequency of the markers analysed [-794 CATT repeats (χ2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.86; p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.35; OR&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.85; 95% CI&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.61–1.19); −173 G&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;C polymorphism (χ2&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;1.11; p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.29; OR&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.83; 95% CI&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.59–1.16); and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;LOC284889&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(χ2&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.78; p&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.37; OR&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.86; 95% CI&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.61–1.20)].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;abst0020&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;sect0025&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;spar0080&quot;&gt;Since we did not find any significant differences between case and control groups, we conclude that sequencing of complete&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;MIF&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span data-mce-mark=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;gene and extensive study on innate and adaptive immunity genes may help in identifying&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/genetic-variation&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Genetic Variation&quot;&gt;genetic variations&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that are associated with VL susceptibility/resistance among Indians.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Keywords&quot;&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;kwd0005&quot; class=&quot;keywords-section&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&quot;section-title&quot;&gt;Keywords&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;kw0005&quot; class=&quot;keyword&quot;&gt;Visceral leishmaniasis (VL),&amp;nbsp;Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF),&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: initial;&quot;&gt;Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Genetic polymorphism,&amp;nbsp;Indian population.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>