@inbook {258,
	title = {Emerging dichlorvos-based air freshener pertube kidney function in male albino rats},
	booktitle = {Innovations in Food Technology - Current Perspectives and Future Goals, Eds Pragya Mishra, Raghvendra Raman Mishra, Ratna Shanker Mishra, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {466-476},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	edition = {1},
	address = {India},
	abstract = {Dichlorvos is an active ingredient, which is predominantly present in all synthetic and local\&nbsp;organophosphorus pesticides used indiscriminately in Nigeria homes and farms. The\&nbsp;deleterious effects of this toxicant have been severally reported. Recently, some dichlorvos-based air fresheners have been introduced into the market both for insect eradication and\&nbsp;aromatic fragrance, by spraying as mist in homes and offices without the need to vacate the\&nbsp;space. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of two variants of\&nbsp;dichlorvos-based aerosols, Sharp Action{\textregistered} (insecticide) and Choice Double Action{\textregistered} air\&nbsp;freshener) on kidney function indices of experimental rats compared to DD Force{\textregistered} . Thirty-six\&nbsp;(36) male albino rats weighing 180-200g were randomly divided into six groups: Sharp\&nbsp;Action {\textregistered} (SA 1 , 1:12; SA 2 , 1:24), Choice Double Action{\textregistered} (CDA 1 , 1:0.5; CDA 2 , 1:1), DD\&nbsp;Force{\textregistered} (DDF, 25 ng/kg) and Control, respectively. The 3 commercial samples were orally\&nbsp;administered to rats for 21 days, and following overnight fasting, the rats were sacrificed.\&nbsp;Blood was collected for biochemical analysis while kidney was excised for organ{\textendash}body\&nbsp;weight assessment. The results obtained showed that the organ-body weight ratio\&nbsp;significantly increased in all treated groups (4.4{\texttimes}10-3, 4.1{\texttimes}10-3, 5.2{\texttimes}10-3, 4.9{\texttimes}10-3, 4.8{\texttimes}10-3,\&nbsp;respectively) compared to the control (3.3{\texttimes}10-3). Also, serum urea and creatinine significantly\&nbsp;increased (p\&lt;0.05) in CDA 1 and CDA 2 (8.39{\textpm}1.14 mg/dl and 9.55{\textpm}1.08 mg/dl;\&nbsp;7.38{\textpm}1.11 mg/dl and 8.07{\textpm}1.17 mg/dl, respectively) similar to DD Force{\textregistered} (6.40{\textpm}1.02 mg/dl\&nbsp;and 7.90{\textpm}1.18 mg/dl). These were higher compared to SA 1 and SA 2 (5.98{\textpm}1.01 mg/dl and\&nbsp;6.78{\textpm}1.05 mg/dl; 5.40{\textpm}0.09 mg/dl and 6.40{\textpm}1.03 mg/dl) and control (4.89{\textpm}0.75mg/dl and\&nbsp;5.83{\textpm}0.69 mg/dl). Serum albumin and total protein were significantly lowered by the toxicant\&nbsp;(50.48{\textpm}1.73 g/l and 153.95{\textpm}8.09 g/l; 53.66{\textpm}1.33 g/l and 139.46{\textpm}9.59 g/l; 36.93{\textpm}2.41 g/l and\&nbsp;81.49{\textpm}4.38 g/l; 41.89{\textpm}2.79 g/l and 89.83{\textpm}3.72 g/l; 41.32{\textpm}1.10 g/l and 89.66{\textpm}1.38 g/l,\&nbsp;respectively) when compared with the control (66.30{\textpm}3.63 g/l and 216.30{\textpm}6.87 g/l, p\&lt;0.05).\&nbsp;These results suggest that kidney function as well as protein synthesis were seriously\&nbsp;impaired by all the dichlorvos samples, more importantly by Choice Double Action{\textregistered}. Embracing these dichlorvos-based air fresheners may increase the incidence of chronic\&nbsp;kidney disease in the country arising from its nephrotoxicity and ability to damage the\&nbsp;kidney.
Key words:\&nbsp;Dichlorvos, pesticides, inflammation, nephrotoxicity, chronic kidney disease},
	author = {E. I. O. Ajayi and B. J. Adetunji and M. A. Adeleke and A. O. Onilejin and M. O. Idrees and T. E. Babalola}
}
